<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ArticleSet>
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>Maher Institute Inc</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>Iranian Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders</JournalTitle>
      <Issn>3115-848X</Issn>
      <Volume>5</Volume>
      <Issue></Issue>
      <PubDate PubStatus="epublish">
        <Year>2026</Year>
        <Month>04</Month>
        <Day>01</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </Journal>
    <ArticleTitle>The Effect of Client-Centered Counseling on Elementary Students’ Self-Regulated Linguistic Ability</ArticleTitle>
    <VernacularTitle>The Effect of Client-Centered Counseling on Elementary Students’ Self-Regulated Linguistic Ability</VernacularTitle>
    <FirstPage>1</FirstPage>
    <LastPage>13</LastPage>
    <Language>EN</Language>
    <AuthorList>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Ali</FirstName>
        <LastName>Seidi</LastName>
        <Affiliation>Department of Foreign Languages Teaching, Ker.C., Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran</Affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName></FirstName>
        <LastName></LastName>
        <Affiliation></Affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName></FirstName>
        <LastName></LastName>
        <Affiliation></Affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName></FirstName>
        <LastName></LastName>
        <Affiliation></Affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName></FirstName>
        <LastName></LastName>
        <Affiliation></Affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName></FirstName>
        <LastName></LastName>
        <Affiliation></Affiliation>
      </Author>
    </AuthorList>
    <PublicationType>Journal Article</PublicationType>
    <History>
      <PubDate PubStatus="received">
        <Year>2025</Year>
        <Month>12</Month>
        <Day>10</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </History>
    <Abstract>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a client-centered counseling intervention in improving self-regulated linguistic ability among elementary school students.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods and Materials: &lt;/strong&gt;This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest–follow-up structure and a control group. The sample consisted of 60 elementary students aged 9–11 years from Kermanshah, Iran, who were selected through convenience sampling and assigned to experimental and control groups using matched-pair randomization. The experimental group participated in 12 weekly sessions of client-centered counseling based on Rogerian principles, while the control group continued regular classroom activities. Data were collected using the Self-Regulated Linguistic Ability Scale (SRLAS), an observational checklist of linguistic behaviors, language sample analysis (including mean length of utterance, lexical diversity, and self-corrections), and teacher ratings of academic language performance. Data were analyzed using mixed-design ANOVA and MANOVA to examine group, time, and interaction effects, along with effect size calculations and post hoc comparisons.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Findings: &lt;/strong&gt;The results revealed significant group × time interaction effects for overall self-regulated linguistic ability and all subcomponents, with large effect sizes (η² ranging from 0.22 to 0.42). The experimental group demonstrated statistically significant improvements from pretest to posttest (p &amp;lt; .001) and maintained these gains at follow-up, whereas the control group showed no significant changes. Posttest comparisons indicated significant differences between groups in favor of the experimental condition (p &amp;lt; .001, Cohen’s d &amp;gt; 1.00). Additionally, multivariate analyses confirmed significant improvements in linguistic performance indicators, including mean length of utterance, lexical diversity, and frequency of self-corrections.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The findings indicate that client-centered counseling is a highly effective intervention for enhancing self-regulated linguistic ability in elementary students, promoting both metacognitive and behavioral aspects of language use, with sustained effects over time.&lt;/p&gt;</Abstract>
    <ObjectList>
      <Object Type="keyword">
        <Param Name="value">Client-centered</Param>
      </Object>
      <Object Type="keyword">
        <Param Name="value">competence</Param>
      </Object>
      <Object Type="keyword">
        <Param Name="value">counseling</Param>
      </Object>
      <Object Type="keyword">
        <Param Name="value">language skill</Param>
      </Object>
      <Object Type="keyword">
        <Param Name="value">self-regulation</Param>
      </Object>
    </ObjectList>
    <ArchiveCopySource DocType="pdf">https://www.maherpub.com/index.php/jndd/article/download/748/584</ArchiveCopySource>
  </Article>
</ArticleSet>
